REBELION

The electric mobility paradigm relies on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), posing a significant waste management challenge in the future. However, most lithium-ion batteries that become unusable for mobility would still be suitable for a second life for another decade.

In this context, battery performance assessment is critical in predicting how long and how well decommissioned batteries will perform and whether they can be used in second-life applications cost-effectively.